Duane Retraction Syndrome and Accompanying Ocular Abnormalities

INTRODUCTION: Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital syndrome characterized by limitation in adduction and/or abduction eye movements and narrowing of the palpebral fissure in adduction, and may include globe retraction, upshoot or downshoot. Several systemic abnormalities, syndromes, and additional ocular findings can accompany DRS. This study is an evaluation of eye findings in patients with DRS.
METHODS: The records of 632 patients with DRS who were followed up between 1995 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with a follow-up of less than 6 months and patients with a history of eye/cranial trauma or injury were not included in the study. Before the patients were examined, a detailed anamnesis was obtained. Details of the medical records, including additional systemic diseases, were recorded.
RESULTS: The average of follow-up time was 45 months (min-max: 6-128 months). There were 255 male and 377 female patients. A total of 34 patients (5.4%) had additional ocular abnormalities. The most frequently observed ocular pathologies associated with DRS were congenital ptosis (n=6, 0.94%) and coloboma of the iris (n=4, 0.63%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Most cases of DRS are observed as isolated. However, various ocular and systemic abnormalities and syndromes are associated with DRS. In particular, synkinetic syndromes may frequently be seen alongside DRS. Therefore, a complete ocular examination and anamnesis are crucial in cases with DRS.