OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of thermal pulsation therapy on dry eye parameters and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in patients with evaporative dry eye.
METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study included 250 eyes of 125 symptomatic patients with evaporative dry eye disease (DED) due to MGD. Patients received a single 12-min thermal pulsation therapy (LipiFlow®) (TearScience Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA). Before and at 1 and 6 months after treatment, the presence of DED and MGD was evaluated using the Schirmer-I test, tear break-up time (TBUT), oxfordstaining score, and meibomian gland secretion (MGS) score. Subjective dry eye complaints were measured using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score.
RESULTS: The LipiFlow treatment improved both clinical signs (Schirmer I test, Oxford staining score, MGS score, and TBUT, respectively, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000) and symptoms (OSDI scores p=0.000) up to 1 month post-treatment. While TBUT and MGS scores (respectively p=0.008, p=0.035) continued to improve until the 6th month, im-provements in Schirmer I test, Oxford staining, and OSDI scores (respectively p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.000) were sustained through 6 months.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been observed that single-session thermal pulsation treatment provides improvement in MGD and dry eye parameters up to 6 months and decreases in OSDI scores, indicating subjective complaints of patients. This treat-ment is thought to be an effective treatment option in evaporative DED secondary to MGD.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the 8-to-10-year safety, efficacy, and predictability of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to assess the risk factors for myopic regression and the role of near-work activity in myopia progression.
METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent mechanical PRK and were followed up for 8–10 years. Pre-operative clinical data, including visual acuity, refraction, tomography, optical zone, and ablation depth, were analyzed. Safety, efficacy, and predictability indices were evaluated, and astigmatism correction was assessed using Alpins’ vector analysis. Myopic regression was defined as a spherical equivalent <−0.25 D. Risk factors for myopic regression were evaluated using regression analysis, and near-work activity was investigated as a potential factor for myopia progression.
RESULTS: Eighty-two patients (mean age 30±5.8 years) completed the follow-up. Pre-operative and post-operative refrac-tive errors were −3.61±1.80 D and −0.12±0.25 D, respectively (p<0.001). Seventy-four percent of patients had post-op-erative refractive errors within ±0.25 D. The safety, efficacy, and predictability indices were 1, 0.95, and 0.97, respectively. The astigmatism correction index was 1.02±0.78. Myopic regression occurred in 22% of patients. Regression analysis showed that the odds of myopic regression increased by 1.4 times (p=0.04) for each 1 D increase in myopia and by 1.05 times (p=0.04) for each micrometer increase in ablation depth. Conversely, the odds decreased by 0.14 times (p=0.03) with each millimeter increase in corneal diameter. The odds ratio for the time spent on near-work activity was insignificant.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: PRK proved to be a safe, effective, and predictable procedure in the long term. Myopia and ablation depth were significant risk factors for myopic regression, while corneal diameter was protective. Near-work activity did not af-fect myopia progression. Under-corrected eyes for astigmatism exhibited a higher magnitude of pre-operative astigmatism compared to over-corrected eyes.

OBJECTIVES: To compare vision-related quality of life (QoL) in keratoconus patients managed by spectacles, rigid gas permeable (RGP) lenses, and intra-corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation.
METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 67 patients (39 females) with moderate-to-severe keratoconus (mean age: 28.50±7.30 years) were included. Patients were divided into three groups: Spectacles, RGP lenses, and ICRS, based on their treatment modalities. Binocular visual acuity and vision-related QoL were assessed using the Persian version of the Vision Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Group comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests.
RESULTS: The VFQ-25 mean±standard deviation total scores were 80.69±13.89 for the spectacle group, 78.06±14.71 for the RGP lens group, and 72.60±13.95 for the ICRS group (p>0.05). The ICRS group demonstrated significantly higher social function (91.17±15.44) and dependency scores (92.64±17.14) compared to the RGP group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in other VFQ-25 domains or total scores among the three groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Spectacles, RGP lenses, and ICRS implantation provide comparable overall vision-related QoL in kerato-conus patients. While no significant difference was found in total QoL scores, the ICRS group exhibited superior social function and dependency scores, suggesting a potential advantage in these specific QoL domains.

OBJECTIVES: To do a meta-analysis of pediatric open globe injuries (OGI) presented from Türkiye for the 5 years up to June 2023.
METHODS: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria. We included studies that analyzed individuals younger than 18 years without age and follow-up period restrictions. We performed random-effects model estimates for the meta-analysis of the relevant studies. We evaluated the heterogeneity with the inconsistency index I2 and the Q-test.
RESULTS: The average age of child injuries was 7.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.9–8.5) years. While the injury rate in boys was 66.8% (95% CI: 61.8–71.4), it was observed as 33.2% (95% CI: 28.6–38.2) in girls. Home injuries were the highest with 46.9% (95% CI: 22.4–73.1). Sharp-pointed object traumas were the most common, accounting for 71.9% (95% CI: 58.3–82.4). When the trauma zone distribution was examined, it was determined as zone 1 with the highest rate of 63.8% (95% CI: 60.1–67.3). Zone 2 and zone 3 have been observed with decreasing frequency (25.4% and 105%, respectively). The overall effect size of boys was positive in the group whose final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was no light perception (β: 1.1657; p=0.0039). For patients with a final BCVA <0.1, Trauma Zone 1 (β: −0.0054; p=0.0410) and Zone 2 (β: −0.0034; p=0.0211) were found to have a negative overall effect size.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: OGI is one of the important health problems. We think that standardized research will contribute to the enlightenment of this issue.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to evaluate retinal inner layer thicknesses in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and with-out optic neuritis (ON) and investigate their relationship with visual prognosis.
METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study examined 120 MS patients (237 eyes), including 43 with unilateral ON and 26 with bilateral ON. Retinal layer measurements were obtained using Heidelberg Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT), including macular retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses across multiple quadrants defined by the Early Treatment Dia-betic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid.
RESULTS: Significant thinning was observed in GCL and IPL across all quadrants except the temporal region in ON pa-tients. The 3 mm nasal GCL thickness showed the strongest correlation with visual acuity (r=0.725, p<0.001) in the ON group. IPL parameters demonstrated the second strongest correlation, with the 3 mm nasal region showing the highest correlation (r=0.675, p<0.001). While pRNFL showed significant thinning in all quadrants except the nasal quadrant in ON patients, it exhibited weaker correlations with visual acuity compared to GCL and IPL measurements.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: GCL and IPL measurements serve as more reliable and earlier biomarkers for visual prognosis in MS patients compared to pRNFL. The strongest structure-function relationships were observed in the 3 mm nasal and inferior quad-rants of the ETDRS grid. These findings support the integration of OCT-based GCL and IPL thickness measurements into routine clinical practice for monitoring MS disease progression and treatment efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to report optic nerve head (ONH) microvascular changes secondary to intracranial saccular aneurysms, evaluated by optic coherence tomography angiography.
METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on consecutive intracranial saccular aneurysm patients who underwent neurosurgical intervention and consulted for ophthalmic evaluation at the post-operative period. Comprehensive oph-thalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, color vision, pupillary light reflexes, intraoc-ular pressure, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, and investigation of the function of cranial nerves, was performed. Demographical and clinical data of eyes with intracranial aneurysm (Group 1) were compared to those of age-matched controls (Group 2). In patients with unilateral intracranial aneurysm, microvascular indices of the ipsilateral eye were also compared with those of the contralateral eye.
RESULTS: Twenty-eight eyes of 16 patients in Group 1 and 32 eyes of 16 age-matched healthy controls in Group 2 were included in the study. In Group 1, only 1 patient was diagnosed incidentally, whereas the remaining 15 patients were di-agnosed after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ONH microvascular indices were similar in both groups (p>0.05). Both vascular density and thickness were decreased at the nasal inferior sector of ONH in Group 1, compared to Group 2; however, these differences were statistically insignificant. In Group 1, 8 patients have unilateral intracranial aneurysm. Mi-crovascular indices at the ipsilateral eye were statistically insignificantly increased compared to those at the contralateral eye of patients with unilateral intracranial aneurysm.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Intracranial saccular aneurysms, associated SAH, or neurosurgical intervention did not seem to cause any significant change in ONH microvascular indices. Further studies with a larger sample size and evaluating intracranial aneurysms located in different anatomical regions will contribute to the interpretation of the present results.

OBJECTIVES: This study set out to comprehensively analyze and compare the scientific impact, productivity, and collabora-tion networks of seven ophthalmology journals published in Türkiye, using the Dimensions, Tübitak/Ulakbim and SCImago databases.
METHODS: The study examined various bibliometric indicators, including publication count, citation count, percentage of cited publications, self-citation ratio, field citation ratio (FCR), and relative citation ratio (RCR). In addition, the collabora-tion networks for each journal were analyzed in terms of the number of authors, co-authorship links, total co-authorships, and the number of co-authorship clusters. The scientific impact and academic prestige of the journals were assessed using the SCImago Journal Rank Indicator, Q Journal Classification, and H-index.
RESULTS: The Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology (TJO) outperformed the other journals across various metrics, including publication count, citation count, percentage of cited articles, and impact factors. The Beyoglu Eye Journal exhibited the second best performance. The TJO also exhibited the most extensive collaboration network and the highest FCR and RCR values, indicating its strong academic impact.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The TJO is the leading ophthalmology journal in Türkiye, while Beyoglu Eye Journal demonstrates the sec-ond-best performance, both exhibiting high publication counts, citation metrics, and field-normalized indicators. Other Turkish ophthalmology journals demonstrate lower levels of academic impact, indicating that coordinated efforts are required to enhance their quality, visibility, and global recognition.

The objective is to present the clinical improvement observed after ab interno intraluminal occlusion of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) tube with a 4–0 polypropylene suture in a patient with secondary hypotony following AGV implantation. A 47-year-old male patient with a history of retinitis pigmentosa, congenital cataract, and glaucoma had undergone ex-press glaucoma filtration device implantation and cyclophotocoagulation treatments in his left eye previously. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was not regulated with these treatments, and an AGV implantation was performed in our clinic. Due to the development of hypotony at the postoperative 1st week, ab interno intraluminal occlusion of the AGV tube was planned with a 4–0 polypropylene suture. Before AGV tube implantation, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.05, and IOP was 40 mmHg (with maximum antiglaucoma medication) in the left eye of the patient. At the postoperative 1st week, BCVA regressed to the level of hand motion, and IOP was <5 mmHg. Findings such as corneal fold, hypotony maculopathy, and choroidal effusion were also observed. Since there was no response to anti-inflammatory medical treatment initiated to reduce hypotony, ab interno intraluminal occlusion of the AGV tube was performed. After revision surgery, it was ob-served that IOP increased to 10 mmHg and BCVA increased to 0.1. In cases with postoperative hypotony due to excessive filtration after glaucoma drainage device implantation, ab interno occlusion of the tube lumen with a 4–0 polypropylene suture is an effective, safe, and inexpensive alternative surgical method that can be performed without causing conjunctival damage or subconjunctival scarring.

To present the outcomes in a patient who underwent acute vitreous base avulsion as a result of a penetrating ocular trauma with a pen and the intraocular retention of the pen tip. A 13-year-old female patient presented with a penetrating ocular injury with a pen. Upon ophthalmological examination, visual acuity was found to be 20/20 in the right eye, and counting fingers from 3 m in the left eye. Scleral penetration was observed 5 mm temporal from the limbus in the supe-rotemporal region of the left eye. Acute vitreous base detachment was apparent with the slit lamp examination, which became visible as a vertical line in the temporal quadrant. The detachment was imaged with anterior segment and ultra-widefield fundus photography. An intraocular foreign body consisting of the tip of the pen was detected.
Although vitreous base avulsion is a common outcome of blunt ocular trauma, it is reported less frequently due to dif-ficulties in its detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reporting vitreous base avulsion due to an intraocular pen tip, which was treated successfully.