INTRODUCTION: The present study is an evaluation of outcomes of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed to ex- tract dislocated lens fragments without phacofragmentation after complicated cataract surgery.
METHODS: In a consecutive case series, 50 eyes that underwent 23-gauge PPV without use of phacofragmatome were retrospectively reviewed.
RESULTS: Visual acuity (VA) improved from preoperative 20/250 to 20/57 final VA (p<0.01). Mean surgical operating time for removal of lens material was 13.4 minutes (range: 1–52 min). Mean length of time period between complicated cata- ract surgery and PPV was 8.4 days (range: 0–60 d) and was negatively correlated with surgical time required (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Comparable results were obtained with 23-gauge PPV performed without phacofragmentation for elimina- tion of lens fragments following cataract surgery, making it a suitable alternative option. Amount of dislocated lens and the length of time since the cataract surgery are the main factors affecting operation time.

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated treatment outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) use in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and mean number of visits and injections of first year of treatment.
METHODS: The study was a retrospective case series. Newly diagnosed RVO patients who had macular edema for <3 months at first admission, were treatment naïve for ME, and had follow-up of at least 12 months were included. Some patients received initial loading dose of 3 consecutive monthly injections. There were no strict criteria for administering loading dose. Patients were followed monthly, and single injection of IVR was repeated when visual acuity decreased by 1 or more lines on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart compared to most recent visit, or any increase in central retinal thickness (CRT) in optical coherence tomography images was observed. Primary outcome measures of this study included change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT. Secondary outcome measures were number of visits and number of injections administered.
RESULTS: Mean BCVA at baseline and months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 0.27±0.27 decimals (range: 0.1–0.8), 0.42±0.28 decimals (range: 0.1–1.0), 0.39±0.26 decimals, (range: 0.01–0.8), 0.37±0.29 decimals (range: 0.01–0.9), and 0.42±0.30 decimals (range: 0.01-0.9), respectively. Mean BCVA was statistically better than mean baseline BCVA at all time points except month 9 (p=0.06 for month 9, and p<0.05 for month 3, 6, and 12). Mean CRT at baseline, months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 581±188 microns (range: 300–894), 439±152 microns (range: 246–874), 383±149 microns, (range: 221–830), 425±238 microns (range: 235–1147), and 359±101 microns (range: 229–655), respectively. Mean CRT level was statistically lower than mean baseline BCVA (p<0.05 for all) at all time points. At month 12, 17 of the 45 patients (37.8%) had anatomically inactive ME and did not require injections. Mean number of planned visits at month 12 was 4.8±1.0 (range: 2–7), and number of completed visits was 4.5±1.2 (range: 1–6) (94.2% completion). Mean number of planned injections at month 12 was 3.8±1.5 (range: 1–8), and number of injections performed was 3.5±1.4 (range: 1–7) (92.0% completion).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Ranibizumab is an effective agent in treatment of ME secondary to RVO with regard to visual and anatomical outcomes. Number of visits and injections were lower than prospective multicenter studies, as expected, yet functional and anatomical outcomes were acceptable.

INTRODUCTION: The present study is an evaluation of outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) that was nonresponding to ranibizumab injections.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 37 eyes of 37 patients with PCV. Principal outcome measurements used were mean change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT), and regression rate of polypoidal lesions.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 11.8±7.2 months. Mean BCVA decreased significantly from 0.69±0.42 logMAR at base- line to 0.78±0.42 logMAR at final visit (p=0.01). BCVA improved in 9 (24.3%) eyes, decreased in 11 (29.7%), and remained stable in 17 (45.9%) eyes. Mean CMT decreased from 352.2 μm (range: 139-573 μm) at baseline to 318±117.1 μm (range: 136–585 μm) at final visit (p=0.26). Seventeen (45.9%) eyes achieved dry macula, defined as absence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography at 6 months. In addition, 25 eyes (67.5%) showed complete regression of polypoidal lesions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: PDT combined with bevacizumab may be beneficial in resolution of exudation in eyes refractory to ranibi- zumab injections. VA improvement may be obtained in limited number of eyes.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of the duration of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) operation on early postoperative visual acuity (VA) was evaluated.
METHODS: Medical records of refractive lenticule extraction patients were retrospectively reviewed. Data on 38 eyes of 20 consecutive patients operated on by the same surgeon were included in the study. Primary outcome measures were corrected distance VA at postoperative first day and first week. Duration of the surgery was determined from video recordings of the operations.
RESULTS: Mean patient age was 27.8±4.8 years (range: 21–40 years). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was -4.38±1.4. Postoperative distance corrected visual acuity was 0.7±0.1 and 0.8±0.2 at day 1 and week 1 visits, respectively. Mean dura- tion of operation was 229.5±106 seconds (range: 95–525 seconds). No perioperative complications were seen. There was no statistically significant relationship between surgery time and postoperative VA at day 1 and week 1 visits.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Total time of operation does not have a statistically significant effect on early VA in SMILE patients.

This report is a description of a surgical technique for optic disc maculopathy (OPM). Pars plana vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, reverse ILM flap insertion into optic pit, and gas tamponade surgery was performed on 5 patients with OPM. Preliminary outcomes of the technique were promising.

In this surgical technique report, the advantages of use of vitreous cutters with smaller diameters as vitreoretinal surgical instruments and choroid-RPE patch transplantation that was performed with combination of 23- and 25-gauge vitrectomy systems are described.

Macular holes can develop as result of intraocular inflammatory disease, trauma, or vitreous detachment, among other reasons. Presently described is case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) repair after successful surgery for traumatic submacular hemorrhage. FTMH may have developed due to injection of small air bubble into the subretinal space during surgery to remove subretinal hemorrhage. FTMH was successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal using gas tamponade, as in cases of traumatic/idiopathic macular hole.